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Consider the General Notes on the Information in the Pepperl+Fuchs Product Catalogs
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Additional Information
Detection range
Photoelectric sensors:
Usable distance between the light source
and receiver (thru-beam sensor) or emitter/
receiver and reflector (retroreflective sensor).
Ultrasonic sensors:
Usable distance between the ultrasonic
sensor emitter and receiver (thru-beam
sensor), sensor and reflector (retroreflective
sensor), or sensor and object (diffuse mode
sensor).
⇒ Detection range
Detection range
Maximum usable distance between the
diffuse mode sensor and the object. The
detection range depends on the intensity
of the emitted signal, the ratios in the
measurement path and, above, all the
reflectivity of the object.
⇒ Detection range
Diffuse mode sensor
Consists of an active device with an
integrated light source and receiver. The light
is reflected diffusely by the object (target).
⇒ Section Mounting and functional principle
of optical sensors
Diffuse mode sensor (type D)
Consists of an active device with an
integrated ultrasonic emitter and receiver.
The sound waves are reflected diffusely by
the object (target).
⇒ Section Sensor principle
Diffuse reflection
⇒ Reflection
Diffuse sensor
⇒ Diffuse mode sensor
Distance hysteresis
Indicates the distance of the trip points
between the approach and withdrawal of the
measuring plate. The hysteresis is specified
as a percentage of the operating distance.
E
MC classification
Electromagnetic compatibility is the
ability of an electric device to function
properly in an electromagnetic environment,
without improperly interfering with other
devices or interfering with itself. The
EMC classification is based upon tests
for emission and immunity for different
severity levels for testing. Severity level 3,
for example, applies to a common industrial
environment.
(
see also EN 60947-5-2 Appendix X).
Explosion protection
Measures that prevent the formation
(
primary) or the ignition (secondary) of a
potentially explosive atmosphere.
Extraneous light
Extraneous light is the optical radiation that is
received by a photoelectric sensor‘s receiver
but was not emitted by its emitter.
This can include elements of constant light
(
sun, incandescent lamps) and/or modulated
light (fluorescent lighting, other sensors).
Extraneous light limit
Specifies the level of extraneous light
intensity above which an optical sensor will
no longer function.
⇒ Lux
F
ault indication (alarm)
Many ultrasonic sensors by
Pepperl+Fuchs are fitted with a red LED
display for signalizing faults. A fault primarily
occurs through misalignment of the sensor or
if the noise level is too high. This is signalized
by a blinking red LED.
In the event of a fault, the last applicable
output states are frozen. The output states
remain unchanged until the fault has been
rectified and the sensor re-enters normal
operation.
Fiber optic cable
(
also: fiber optics)
Glass fiber optic cables consist of several
glass fibers combined into one bundle. Each
of these glass fibers has an optically thicker
glass core and an optically thinner glass
sheathing. As a result of total reflection, the
light follows the longitudinal axis of the fiber
optic cable, even if this is bent. Plastic fiber
optic cables operate along the same basic
principle, although they consist of one single
fiber.
⇒ Section Mounting and functional principle
of optical sensors
Focus
The sound beam has an opening angle of
approximately 5° with -6dB sound pressure. It
is not possible to further focus the ultrasound,
e.g., through a pipe that is positioned ahead
of the converter.
G
ray code
Enhanced data security through a
single step and cyclical code. Each time, only
one bit changes from step to step. This code
must be converted into the binary code for
data processing.
Gray excess code
This is an extract of the gray code. It is used
to create angular steps.
Example: 360 steps
In this instance, 9 bits are required. This is
equivalent to 512 steps. The extract of the
code is symmetrical. It begins with 76 and
ends at 436. The 360 steps between the start
and end represent the difference.
H
ysteresis
⇒ Distance hysteresis
⇒ Scanning width hysteresis
I
ncremental rotary encoder
Provides a frequency that is proportional to
the rotational speed or a number of electric
pulses that is proportional to the rotational
angle. A reference run should be carried out
after the loss of power.
Infrared light (IR or IRED)
The beaming of larger wavelengths as visible
light (l = 780 nm to 1 mm). IR transmitter
diodes beam with wavelengths of 880, 940,
or 950 nm, for example.
Interface
Electrical or mechanical interface.
Interference, mutual
Simultaneously operating ultrasonic sensors
with overlapping detection ranges can
interfere with each other. Therefore the
minimum distances between the sensors
must be adhered to:
If the sensors emit sound in the same
direction, the lateral safety distance equates
to around half a detection range.
However, if sensors are positioned opposite
each other, the safety distance equates to
more than both detection ranges together.
If it is not possible to adhere to these safety
distances, we recommend the use of
synchronizable sensors.
Inverse-polarity protection
Protection against the incorrect application of
the operating voltage.
L
aser
(
Light Amplification by Stimulated
Emission of Radiation)
Lasers have properties that make them quite
different from traditional types of light.When
using lasers in photoelectric sensors, being
able to focus well is extremely important.
Laser photoelectric sensors/light scanners by
Pepperl+Fuchs have a narrow beam profile
for detecting small parts or edges. They pose
no danger to eyesight due to their technical
design.
Lasers in photoelectric sensors operate in the
red or infrared spectral range.
LATCH
Memory function: when the absolute rotary
encoder input is activated, the current
measured value is frozen. The rotary encoder
drive shaft continues to rotate, although no
measured value exchange takes place at the
interface.
If the input is deactivated, each new
measuring step is transferred to the interface
(
transparent latch).
Leakage current
Current that flows into the load circuit of the
sensor when in a locked state.
LED
(
Light Emitting Diode)
The light emitting diode is a semiconductor
light source that can be modulated and has
a long service life. LEDs in photoelectric
sensors operate primarily in the red and
infrared spectral range.
Light Emitting Diodes
The majority of sensors by Pepperl+Fuchs are
fitted with LEDs to indicate different states:
The respective data sheets include
information on the importance of the individual
LEDs.
Light exit
A transparent window in the housing within
the wavelength range determined by the type
of light, behind which the transmitting and/or
receiving elements are located.
Light ON
The sensor output is switched through
when light falls on the receiver optics. For
retroreflective sensors, this is the case with a
free light path for diffuse mode sensors, when
an object moves close enough.
Linearity
⇒ Measurement accuracy
